This function converts (replaces) factor levels with the related factor level index number, thus the factor is converted to a numeric variable.
Usage
as_numeric(x, ...)
to_numeric(x, ...)
# S3 method for class 'data.frame'
as_numeric(x, ..., start.at = NULL, keep.labels = TRUE, use.labels = FALSE)Arguments
- x
A vector or data frame.
- ...
Optional, unquoted names of variables that should be selected for further processing. Required, if
xis a data frame (and no vector) and only selected variables fromxshould be processed. You may also use functions like:or tidyselect's select-helpers. See 'Examples'.- start.at
Starting index, i.e. the lowest numeric value of the variable's value range. By default, this argument is
NULL, hence the lowest value of the returned numeric variable corresponds to the lowest factor level (if factor levels are numeric) or to1(if factor levels are not numeric).- keep.labels
Logical, if
TRUE, former factor levels will be added as value labels. For numeric factor levels, values labels will be used, if present. See 'Examples' andset_labelsfor more details.- use.labels
Logical, if
TRUEandxhas numeric value labels, the values defined in the labels (right-hand side oflabels, for instancelabels = c(null = 0, one = 1)) will be set as numeric values (instead of consecutive factor level numbers). See 'Examples'.
Value
A numeric variable with values ranging either from start.at to
start.at + length of factor levels, or to the corresponding
factor levels (if these were numeric). If x is a data frame,
the complete data frame x will be returned, where variables
specified in ... are coerced to numeric; if ... is
not specified, applies to all variables in the data frame.
Examples
data(efc)
test <- as_label(efc$e42dep)
table(test)
#> test
#> independent slightly dependent moderately dependent
#> 66 225 306
#> severely dependent
#> 304
table(as_numeric(test))
#>
#> 1 2 3 4
#> 66 225 306 304
hist(as_numeric(test, start.at = 0))
# set lowest value of new variable to "5".
table(as_numeric(test, start.at = 5))
#>
#> 5 6 7 8
#> 66 225 306 304
# numeric factor keeps values
dummy <- factor(c("3", "4", "6"))
table(as_numeric(dummy))
#>
#> 3 4 6
#> 1 1 1
# do not drop unused factor levels
dummy <- ordered(c(rep("No", 5), rep("Maybe", 3)),
levels = c("Yes", "No", "Maybe"))
as_numeric(dummy)
#> [1] 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3
#> attr(,"labels")
#> Yes No Maybe
#> 1 2 3
# non-numeric factor is converted to numeric
# starting at 1
dummy <- factor(c("D", "F", "H"))
table(as_numeric(dummy))
#>
#> 1 2 3
#> 1 1 1
# for numeric factor levels, value labels will be used, if present
dummy1 <- factor(c("3", "4", "6"))
dummy1 <- set_labels(dummy1, labels = c("first", "2nd", "3rd"))
dummy1
#> [1] 3 4 6
#> attr(,"labels")
#> first 2nd 3rd
#> 3 4 6
#> Levels: 3 4 6
as_numeric(dummy1)
#> Error in set_labels_helper(x = .dat, labels = labels, force.labels = force.labels, force.values = force.values, drop.na = drop.na, var.name = NULL): Package 'haven' required for this function. Please install it.
# for non-numeric factor levels, these will be used.
# value labels will be ignored
dummy2 <- factor(c("D", "F", "H"))
dummy2 <- set_labels(dummy2, labels = c("first", "2nd", "3rd"))
dummy2
#> [1] D F H
#> attr(,"labels")
#> first 2nd 3rd
#> D F H
#> Levels: D F H
as_numeric(dummy2)
#> [1] 1 2 3
#> attr(,"labels")
#> D F H
#> 1 2 3
# easily coerce specific variables in a data frame to numeric
# and keep other variables, with their class preserved
data(efc)
efc$e42dep <- as.factor(efc$e42dep)
efc$e16sex <- as.factor(efc$e16sex)
efc$e17age <- as.factor(efc$e17age)
# convert back "sex" and "age" into numeric
head(as_numeric(efc, e16sex, e17age))
#> c12hour e15relat e16sex e17age e42dep c82cop1 c83cop2 c84cop3 c85cop4 c86cop5
#> 1 16 2 2 83 3 3 2 2 2 1
#> 2 148 2 2 88 3 3 3 3 3 4
#> 3 70 1 2 82 3 2 2 1 4 1
#> 4 168 1 2 67 4 4 1 3 1 1
#> 5 168 2 2 84 4 3 2 1 2 2
#> 6 16 2 2 85 4 2 2 3 3 3
#> c87cop6 c88cop7 c89cop8 c90cop9 c160age c161sex c172code c175empl barthtot
#> 1 1 2 3 3 56 2 2 1 75
#> 2 1 3 2 2 54 2 2 1 75
#> 3 1 1 4 3 80 1 1 0 35
#> 4 1 1 2 4 69 1 2 0 0
#> 5 2 1 4 4 47 2 2 0 25
#> 6 2 2 1 1 56 1 2 1 60
#> neg_c_7 pos_v_4 quol_5 resttotn tot_sc_e n4pstu nur_pst
#> 1 12 12 14 0 4 0 NA
#> 2 20 11 10 4 0 0 NA
#> 3 11 13 7 0 1 2 2
#> 4 10 15 12 2 0 3 3
#> 5 12 15 19 2 1 2 2
#> 6 19 9 8 1 3 2 2
x <- factor(c("None", "Little", "Some", "Lots"))
x <- set_labels(x,
labels = c(None = "0.5", Little = "1.3", Some = "1.8", Lots = ".2")
)
#> Error in set_labels_helper(x = .dat, labels = labels, force.labels = force.labels, force.values = force.values, drop.na = drop.na, var.name = NULL): Package 'haven' required for this function. Please install it.
x
#> [1] None Little Some Lots
#> Levels: Little Lots None Some
as_numeric(x)
#> [1] 3 1 4 2
#> attr(,"labels")
#> Little Lots None Some
#> 1 2 3 4
as_numeric(x, use.labels = TRUE)
#> Error in `levels<-.factor`(`*tmp*`, value = get_values(x)): number of levels differs
as_numeric(x, use.labels = TRUE, keep.labels = FALSE)
#> Error in `levels<-.factor`(`*tmp*`, value = get_values(x)): number of levels differs